Introduction

The East African Rift System is an amazing and most significant place for all of humanity. Recently, archaeological finds have convincingly confirmed that the origin of mankind occurred precisely in the eastern part of Africa. It was there that the evolution of the common human ancestor and chimpanzees to Homosapiensa took place.

If only this territory were marked by this, then it would quite legally go down in the history of mankind. But the East African rift system, which covers part of the Middle East, is the focus of significant artifacts for the history of mankind, stages of development, and probably not only for humanity, but also for previous civilizations. This permeates the whole culture of Egypt with truly cyclopean structures. Ancient cities with temple complexes in modern Israel. The ancient city of Baalbek in the territory of modern Lebanon. Recently discovered artifacts in Ethiopia.

The Great African Lakes with their unique biological systems are located on the territory of the East African Rift System, the evolution of which could continue to this day, if not for the anthropogenic factor. Hearing the word Africa, there is always an association with a hot climate. Therefore, for many of us, this factor fits well with the evolutionary conditions, although the “refined” Homosapiens has dark skin, but we will be explained that Europeans and other peoples of the World have finally got their appearance as a result of the adaptation of Homosapiens to local living conditions.

Then a naive (private opinion) idea arises that the evolution that has occurred and is occurring is the result of a random set of circumstances – a random mutation “multiplied” by natural selection. But there is one factor that is present in all biota on Earth. This is electricity. All biota is immersed in this energy and the fact that it is saturated with this from the inside only confirms that this energy was not only present at the origin of life from the microworld, but was also one of the most important factors of evolution. On the other hand, they do not actually exist from the forces known to us except electricity, which could attract, repel or be neutral. Animals are generally walking power plants. Bacteria that do not have their own metachondria live in an environment filled with electricity. For example, in the human body several kilograms of bacteria. The earth’s crust is the fullest refuge of bacteria. And if bacteria live in the earth’s crust, then this indicates that they are good there. There is water, a nutrient medium. There is, according to the author of this article, an upward flow of geoelectricity. And there is no fatal solar radiation for many of them.

If life on Earth did not come from Cosmos, but the evolution of living things occurred from simple to complex, then the earth’s crust may well be its “cradle”. In this case, the flow of geoelectricity becomes the energy guarantor of the emergence of life. The hypothesis of geoelectricity, born of the planet itself, is present in the last articles of the author. Using this hypothesis, it was possible to harmonize (a private opinion) the idea of ​​individual phenomena, both on Earth and in the solar system , , , , , . Geoelectricity (excess electrons), in accordance with the previously stated hypothesis , is formed in the central part of the Earth, where the pressure exceeds a certain threshold value. Due to the properties of the propagation of electricity, excess electrons participate in the formation of the Earth’s dipole magnetic field, heating the Earth’s mantle and partially accumulate at the boundary of the mantle and the Earth’s crust. Part of the accumulated geoelectricity flows into the earth’s crust. In the earth’s crust, geoelectricity naturally rushes to the surface and participates in the process of heating as a conventional electrical conductor.

This article attempts to look at the East African rift system from the point of view of the existence of geoelectricity coming from the depths of the Earth and the influence of this energy flow on the biota, including humans. In this article, from this perspective, the GREATEST SANCTUITY – the Church of the Holy Sepulcher will be considered and an attempt will be made to substantiate the phenomena that occurred earlier and are occurring in it at the present time from a physical point of view. There is confidence that there is nothing reprehensible in this, since the laws of science, if they are true themselves, are the intention of the CREATOR. And the time will come when all manifestations of man will be harmonized with nature and our idea of ​​TRUTH.

This article attempts to look at the East African rift system from the point of view of the existence of geoelectricity coming from the depths of the Earth and the influence of this energy flow on the biota, including humans. In this article, from this perspective, the GREATEST SANCTUITY – the Church of the Holy Sepulcher will be considered and an attempt will be made to substantiate the phenomena that occurred earlier and are occurring in it at the present time from a physical point of view. There is confidence that there is nothing reprehensible in this, since the laws of science, if they are true themselves, are the intention of the CREATOR. And the time will come when all manifestations of man will be harmonized with nature and our idea of ​​TRUTH.

This article addresses the issue of the influence of geoelectricity on the livelihoods of the largest group of living organisms – microbes. An assumption has been put forward about the direct relationship of microbes in the earth’s crust and the emergence of oil and gas deposits.

The issues raised in the article are mainly presented at a qualitative level, that is, at the level of an idea, which corresponds to the title of the article.

Southeast Africa as a place of evolution

Our human race is extremely lucky that conditions have formed in a separate territory of Africa that have led to the slow evolution of hominins. Over the course of several million years, a leap has been made from a common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees to Homosapiensa. The following are the individual stages of archaeological discoveries related to the evolution of hominins. The places of detection of archaeological finds of the corresponding evolutionary forms are presented, as well as their certain characteristic. For convenience of identifying the place of discovery of archaeological finds, you can use Fig. 1 , which depicts the borders of states and the largest African lakes that are part of the East African rift system. The Republic of Chad is located a little northwest of South Sudan.

Separate stages of archaeological discoveries are presented based on materials , , . These include both individual forms close to the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and hominins:

1. Sahelanthropustchadensis – a form corresponding to the ideas of how a common ancestor of man and chimpanzees could look. This find was made in 2001, Lake Chad. Her age is 6-7 million years ;
2. Orrorintugenensis – a form close to the common ancestor of man and chimpanzees. This find was made in 2000, Kenya. Her age is about 6 million years ;
3. The first representative of the genus Australopithecus, approximately 4.2 mil. years. In 2000, a well-preserved skeleton of a young Afar Australopithecus (Australopithecusafarensis), most likely a girl of three years old, who lived 3.3 million years ago, was found in Ethiopia. The brain volume for Australopithecus was 400-450 cm3 ;
4. Imprints of traces of Australopithecus from Laetoli (northern Tanzania), whose age is about 3.6 million years. The gait of these Australopithecus was almost the same as that of modern humans ;
5. Homohabilis – a representative of hominin, who was the first to make the simplest stone tools. Habilis brain volume averaged 650 cm3. The first specimen was discovered by archaeologists Mary and Louis Leakey in November 1960 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania ;
6. Homoergaster – a representative of hominins with an increased brain volume, which ranges from 750 to 1250 cm³. In 1971, on the sandy cape of Koobi Fora on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya, Richard Leakey found the well-preserved lower jaw of this hominin (Homoergaster appears about 1.9 million years ago) .

In addition, it should be noted that “A comparative analysis of the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes of modern people has shown that humanity comes from a small population that lived in East Africa 160-200 thousand years ago. … And it is very interesting that the most ancient fossils of anatomically modern people are found just in this area and have just about this age. They were discovered in 1967 in the south of Ethiopia by Richard Leakey, however, the age of these bones was only recently determined precisely. It turned out that these skulls are 195 thousand years old (see: 195,000 years ago, “anatomically modern” people lived in Ethiopia). … The first exit of sapiens from Africa – according to archaeological data – took place about 135-115 thousand years ago. The first exit did not lead to far-reaching consequences, the sapiens in Asia Minor were soon disappearing. 90-85 thousand years ago there was a second exit of sapiens from Africa. And from this small group of emigrants subsequently came the whole of extra-African humanity ”.

Once standing on the “podium of evolution”, Homosapiens never allowed anyone to be equal with himself. It is believed that this is a consequence of its rather high aggressiveness. But you cannot blame him for this. Time and manners were harsh then! In addition, evolution endowed our closest ancestor with relative omnivorousness. This expanded his “gastronomic” assortment, which only increased his vitality. But the main factor ensuring his “invincibility” is his enlarged brain.

On the territory of East Africa, not only the evolution of hominins took place, but also the multiple evolution of aquatic inhabitants in some lakes was recorded. Figure 1 shows the territory of the Eastern Rift Valley with lakes deposited on it. According to A.V. Markov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, in some lakes evidence was found of the presence of intermediate forms of evolution among the inhabitants of these lakes. In the Great African Lakes Victoria, Malawi (the new name is Nyasa), Tanganyika, Tana, originally from a very small number of ancestral fish species of the cichlid family, hundreds of species were formed. Approximately 500 species in each large lake. It took from several hundred thousand to several million years.

In Ethiopia, in the relatively young Lake Tana, which is about 30 thousand years old from one large barbel, Barbus intermedius, 14 new evolutionary forms have formed over 20-30 thousand years. Obviously, these facts indicate that this territory is favorable for the evolution of biota living on it, and this should be explained.

East African Rift System

On the territory of the East African rift system there are active and extinct volcanoes, mountain ranges, which in fact can be considered as the “Roof of the Continent.” Here are the highest peaks in Africa (over 5 thousand meters): Kilimanjaro (5895 meters), Kenya (5199 meters), Marguerite peak (5109 meters), as well as Mount Meru (4567 meters) and Elgon ( 4321 m.), Virunga volcanic highlands. Basically, these are freestanding mountains, near which there are vast plains and savannahs.

The system of Great African Lakes has already been mentioned, among which Lake Victoria is the largest in area – 69,485 square kilometers, and which does not belong to rift lakes in its geology. The deepest is Lake Tanganyika, commensurate in depth and structure with the rift lake Baikal. A significant part of the Great African Lakes is formed due to the formation of the rift system. This can be seen from Fig. 3, which shows the rift ledges that frame most of the lakes.

The East African rift system has been developing since the Oligocene in a tensile environment. Volcanism concentrated along the rift zone. Large volcanic masses Kilimanjaro and Kenya were laid The opening of the East African rift system continues at a speed of 4 mm per year (in the region of the Ethiopian rift), which leads to the gradual separation of the Somali block from Africa. “The continental crust under the rift system of East Africa has a reduced thickness (about 25 km); in the southern part of the Afar basin, the crust thickness is reduced to 13 km, and in the northern part it is replaced by an oceanic type crust. The heat flow in the region is increased by 2 times or more. Seismic activity is high ”. The noted geological features of the East African rift system indicate that the surface of this territory is more accessible for influence on it from the side of the Earth’s mantle.

In previous works of the author of this article, it is expressed, not without reason (private opinion), that the Earth’s mantle and especially its boundary with the Earth’s crust are saturated with geoelectricity, which penetrates the surface of the Earth’s crust with difficulty, but , , . Such penetration of geoelectricity becomes more intense during the period of tectonic activity, which occurs on the territory of the East African rift system. This is probably the reason for the increased heat flux, since the earth’s crust in this area becomes a conductor of electricity, which thus heats up. Obviously, only part of the electric flow is spent on thermal energy. The rest of the electric current (possibly smaller) permeates the surface of this territory. Such a territory on the surface of the Earth is not the only one.

Above the text of this article, it was noted that as a result of the evolution of biota, biological life was created, which itself was filled with electricity. Based on this, it can be concluded that the flows of geoelectricity are that external energy that is directly involved in the evolutionary process, creating biological forms adapted to the environment.

To a greater extent, this applies to the simplest biological forms – bacteria, viruses, and possibly something else. These are those that lack their own energy source, such as in cells with mitochondria in developed biological forms. Nevertheless, an external source of electricity (geoelectricity) undoubtedly played a significant role in the evolutionary process, even if due to additional mutations (private opinion). Thus, the territory of the East African rift system, according to the author of this article, can be reckoned among ecosystems with more intense evolutionary potency. Such territories may include, for example, black smokers at the bottom of the oceans, individual geothermal springs, and it is possible that there are many such territories not only on the surface of the earth’s crust, but also in its depths.

Bacteria as a marker of geoelectricity

Bacteria are the largest living single-celled organisms on Earth. Their main habitat is the earth’s crust. To a much lesser extent, they are present in airspace, and this is only due to drops of moisture. For many bacteria, the atmosphere is an aggressive environment due to solar radiation. Some of their representatives really like to live in plants and animals by “mutual agreement”. Some of them feel good in thermal springs. But most of the bacteria live in water and in the ground.

More recently, information has passed that a huge kingdom of unknown life was discovered underground. It turned out that as a result of drilling under the continents and oceans to a depth of up to five kilometers below the land surface, and up to 10 km below the ocean surface, one hundred trillion quadrillion living organisms were discovered. It was estimated that the total carbon mass of this new biota is from 15 to 23 gigatons, while the total mass of mankind is 0.06 gigatons of carbon. It was found that the found underground ecosystem contains up to 70% of all types of terrestrial microbes. And these microbes found at such a depth are also good.

If by now the majority of bacteria are not described, then taking into account the opening of the “new kingdom”, microbiologists will have to do a great job. The material presented convinces us that the “real” life is “seething” not on the surface, but deep under our feet. But is it necessary for such a large army of living organisms to have appropriate energy resources? And indirect evidence that these resources exist is provided by the bacteria themselves.

From it follows that in bacteria “… important biochemical reactions, such as the formation of ATP, occur due to the concentration gradient of certain ions on opposite sides of the membrane, which creates a potential difference, like in a battery.” This means that the space in which the bacteria are located has an electric charge different from that which fills the bacterium from the inside. Thus, it can be argued that the source of energy for bacteria is an external electric current that has a negative charge, since otherwise the movement of positive ions would occur, which is equivalent to the movement of matter. But this does not happen.

If the hypothesis of the existence of geoelectricity is harmonious for bacteria, then we can assume that the rest of the microbial world uses the same mechanisms of energy supply. Everything that works well for one, evolution does not have to reconsider for another, living in the same environment. It is possible that this reasoning will seem amateurish, but in support of it one can rely on the idea that life cannot appear without an initial energy flow. Suffice it to recall the black smokers at the bottom of the oceans.

If the flow of geoelectricity exists, then we can assume its total power, based on the total mass of all microbes under the earth and water surface. In addition, the difference between the newly found microbes from those already known to us can be explained by the natural increase in the flow of geoelectricity at a greater depth.

In connection with the new discoveries cited, which make it possible to at least approximately evaluate the “power of the underworld”, one can come closer to the conditions for the emergence of oil and gas. After all, this “power of the underworld” consists largely of hydrocarbons. This topic may seem outside the scope of this article, but it is very curious and appropriate from the point of view of converting one form of energy – geoelectricity, into another form of energy – heat (oil and gas). If we consider only a static situation, then the life of the considered microbial space is approximately stable. The use of microbes in the form of biomass for its further transformation, possibly in the case of a change in the habitat of microbes, as a result of which the microbes die.

And there is such a mechanism. This is a periodic glaciation of the Earth, which begins with tectonic activity and an increase in the average temperature on the planet, and then a gradual decrease in the average temperature. It is also accompanied by a change in the flow of geoelectricity in the earth’s crust. The author of this article addressed the issue of glaciation and the influence of geoelectricity on processes in the earth’s crust in . This may be those factors that create conditions in separate spaces of the earth’s crust that are incompatible for the normal existence of microbes and the conversion of hydrocarbons from decayed microbes to other chemical compounds. There were several dozen such glaciations in the history of the Earth.

In addition, it is necessary to consider the processes associated with the inversion of the Earth’s magnetic field. In , the question of the inversion of the Earth’s magnetic field was considered, which occurs in the case of a radical change in the structure inside the Earth caused by heating and convection of matter in the space where the magnetic field is formed. Simultaneously with these processes, in the region of the axis of rotation of the Earth in the direction of the opposite pole, a new structure is formed by generating the Earth’s magnetic field opposite to the previous one. Over the entire history of the Earth, inversions of the magnetic field have been detected many tens of times. At the same time, the climatic conditions in the hemispheres change, especially in the territories adjacent to the poles. Perhaps raising or lowering certain territories. All this is due to a change in the temperature regime inside the Earth.

All of the above affects the state of the temperature regime of the earth’s crust. Obviously, in this case, the temperature regime in a certain area of ​​the presence of microbes can be significantly changed to a state incompatible with their life. All dead biomass of hydrocarbons can be used for further chemical transformations.

In the process of converting biomass, centrifugal forces from the rotation of the Earth will shift it to the equatorial side. On the way to this side, this biomass will change under the influence of the environment. On the way to the equator, the converted biomass can accumulate in confined spaces. In the future, these accumulations may become oil and gas deposits.

In this design for the formation of oil and gas, the process of restoring oil and gas fields after dozens or more years naturally looks like. During this period, new hydrocarbon flows that were originally closer to the poles may flow into the initial field. Over time, this source will also dry up, but another glaciation or two inversions of the magnetic field will pass and new biomass formations will appear to replenish old or create new deposits. This is certainly an optimistic scenario, but possible.

Among the existing hypotheses of the origin of oil, the most popular hypotheses are:

1. Biogenic or organic theory of the origin of oil;
2. Abiogenic or inorganic theory of the origin of oil;
3. The theory of the cosmic origin of oil.

The assumption expressed in this article about the origin of oil and gas is closest to organic theory, although it assumes plants and animals that are at the bottom of various water bodies as a source of hydrocarbons.

Microbiologists, given the ubiquitous and significant presence of microorganisms, joke that on Earth the dominant factor is not humans, but microorganisms. Surprisingly, this can be TRUE.

One can imagine what would have happened if a modern man had not appeared. Gas and oil fields accumulated. Obviously, in this process, quantity would go into quality. The saturation of the Earth with oil and gas is quite capable of undermining the living space, both for microorganisms and for the entire biota. With the advent of modern man, who, with varying degrees of success, converts hydrocarbons into gas, heat, and objects useful for his life, the tragedy is probably pushed into the future.

Maybe this is the main purpose of humanity on Earth. They say that hominins at a certain stage of their development occupied a niche of scavengers. It is likely that this is not accidental. It was their way of survival. If the suggested assumption about the origin of oil and gas is true, then the human activity for the conversion of oil, gas and coal (peat) can also be considered as a function necessary for cleaning the Earth from waste products of another biota. Surprisingly, this has become a prestigious job for many people.

Perhaps this is the real harmony of man with nature!

The Descent of the Holy Fire

For some time now, religion began to occupy a significant place in human society. Over the past ten thousand years, this significant factor in the life of people, like society itself, has experienced many changes. Life changed, people changed, gods changed, religion changed, but the relationship of DIVINE and MIRACULOUS remained unchanged, as sufficient conditions for the existence of both. It was especially convincing if one could see it and even touch it.

One of these MIRACLES in the Christian religion is the Descent of the Holy Fire in the temple of the Resurrection in Jerusalem. The Church of the Resurrection was built in the 4th century by Emperor Constantine and the Holy Fire was seen in the church during the first service at Easter. At the place where the blessed fire appeared, they built a chapel with the sepulcher of the Lord – it is called Kuvukliya.

“The Holy Sepulcher, or the Holy Sepulcher (Greek ΑγιοςΤάφος) – the main shrine of the Christian world, a tomb in the rock; this tomb is recognized by the Historical Churches as the place where, according to the Gospel, Jesus Christ was buried after the crucifixion and was resurrected on the third day. The tomb is the main altar of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Jerusalem ”.

 “The first of the church historians to open the Holy Sepulcher is Eusenius of Caesarea in his work, The Life of Constantine.” He reports that a pagan temple was built by the Romans at the site of the cave where Jesus was buried:

Some godless and ungodly people intended to hide this saving cave from people’s eyes, with an insane intention to hide the truth through it. Having used a lot of work, they brought the land from somewhere and filled up all that place with it. Then, raising the embankment to a certain height, they paved it with a stone, and under this high embankment they concealed a divine cave. Having finished such work, they could only prepare a strange, truly tomb of souls on the surface of the earth, and they built a gloomy dwelling place for dead idols, a cache of the voluptuous demon Aphrodite, where they made hated sacrifices on unclean and vile altars.

• Eusebius of Caesarea, “The Life of Constantine.” III, 36.

By order of Konstantin, the embankment of the temple was torn down and “suddenly in the depths of the earth, beyond all expectations, an empty space appeared, and then the Honest and All-Holy Sign of the Resurrection Resurrection. Then the sacred cave became for us the image of the Savior returning to life ”” .

It must be recalled that Aphrodite in Greek mythology is the goddess of beauty, love, fertility, eternal spring and life, as well as the goddess of marriage and even childbirth. It is hard to imagine that a goddess with such “official duties” may be suspected of something obscene (private opinion). On the other hand, this is a very important evidence from the past, which partly sheds light on the unusualness of this place itself, which attracted to itself, setting out correctly, representatives of different beliefs, sometimes with opposite goals and means of achieving them.

This article does not set the task of revealing the purpose of the structures built earlier on this site and the meaning of sacrifice. It is only important to reflect the fact of their existence as a “marker” that emphasizes the peculiarity of this place. According to the author of this article, it is important to note that this place was originally paved with stone. This is a small touch to further narration. “By 335, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher was built over the cave by Emperor Constantine … which is currently a huge architectural complex, including Calvary with the place of the Crucifixion, Kuvukliya – a chapel in the center of the temple, hiding directly the coffin of the Sepulcher, the Anointing Stone, Kafolikon, an underground temple Findings of the Life-giving Cross, the church of St. Helena of the Equal-to-the-Apostles and several chapels ”.

From the time of construction until 1810, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, including Kuvukliya, underwent several barbaric destruction and fire in 1808, but was always restored. The last restoration was carried out in 2016 – 2017. In fig. 4 you can feel the greatness of this temple and the level of its filling by believers on Easter. The massive architecture of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher suggests a serious stone foundation, which was laid hundreds of years ago.

After a brief historical background, it is proposed to proceed directly to the procedure preceding the Descent of the Holy Fire with emphasis on certain important points. At ten o’clock in the morning of Great Saturday every year all candles, lamps and other light sources are extinguished in the temple. But in the dome of the temple of the Holy Sepulcher there is a fairly large hole (probably it has a special name) through which daylight breaks into the temple.

After twelve o’clock in the afternoon, the premises of the temple are filled with pilgrims-tourists from many states. Each of those present seeks to be an eyewitness of the wonderful Concentration of the Holy Fire. The central role in what is happening belongs to the Patriarch. Three times bypassing Kuvukliya, he stops in front of her doors.

The fact of the Descent of the Holy Fire is very important for those present and all believers on Earth.

“It is believed that the year when the Holy Fire does not descend on the Holy Sepulcher will mean the end of the world and the power of the Antichrist. Holding unlit Easter eggs (large holiday candles) in their hands, those present pray, repent of their sins and ask the Lord to give the Holy Fire ”.

In the entire history of the existence of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher there were only two cases when the fact of the Descent of the Holy Fire was not observed. The first time this happened in 1101, and the second in 1578, and all this is due to the fact that Eastern and local Christians were not allowed to attend the official ceremony. In the second case, the Orthodox Patriarch, along with other priests, was forced to pray at the gate on Easter Eve. The minions of the Armenian Church failed to see the miracle of God. One of the columns of the courtyard, in which the Orthodox prayers offered, cracked, and a pillar of fire appeared from it. In fig. 6 shows a cracked column. Since then, the agreement on the mandatory presence of Orthodox Christians in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher for Easter has been strictly valid.

“The last to enter the temple are local Orthodox Arabs. On Great Saturday, they appear in the square with songs and dances, and then enter the chapel. In it, they say ancient prayers in Arabic, in which they turn to Christ and the Mother of God. This condition is mandatory for the appearance of the Holy Fire. … According to oral tradition, during the years of British rule over Jerusalem (1918-1947), the English governor tried to ban once the “savage” dances. The Patriarch of Jerusalem prayed for two hours, but to no avail. Then the Patriarch ordered his will to let the Arab youth. After they performed the ritual, the Fire came down ”.

After completing all necessary procedures, the Patriarch enters Kuvukliya. “When the Patriarch is left alone, behind closed doors, the real sacrament begins. On his lap the Most Holy Lord prays for the message of the Holy Fire. His prayers are not heard by people outside the doors of the chapel – but they can observe their result! Blue and red flashes of flash appear on the walls, columns and icons of the temple, reminiscent of reflections during a firework. At the same time, blue lights appear on the marble slab of the Sepulcher. One of them the priest touches with a cotton ball – and the fire spreads over him. The patriarch lights a lamp with a fleece and transfers it to the Armenian bishop ”. Further, the Holy Fire is transmitted to all those present in the temple.

In 2008, the Russian physicist Andrei Volkov managed to get into Kuvukliya with special equipment. There he was able to make appropriate measurements of electromagnetic radiation. It was recorded that a few minutes before the removal of the Holy Fire from Kuvuklia, a device that fixes the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation detected a strange long-wave impulse in the church that no longer appeared.

Taking into account that the topic discussed is very important for the Christian World, the author of this article apologizes in advance for pragmatism and the unintentional possible lowering of the phenomenon itself – the Descent of the Holy Fire. The miraculousness of this phenomenon is already in the fact that the Descent of the Holy Fire is able to unite millions of people, regardless of citizenship and color. And this is a real MIRACLE in our society, whose history is permeated by wars and suffering.

According to the author of this article, the above evidence meets the condition for geoelectricity to enter the surrounding space above the earth’s surface when two mediums (air and the earth’s surface, including the built temple) are exposed to an alternating electric field, which is generated as a result of the acoustic effect on the quartz-containing building materials of the temple Holy Sepulcher and stone slabs. Earlier, attention was paid to the stone floor and the foundation of the temple, which is at least older than the walls being erected.

From the above evidence, there is an obvious relationship between the level of acoustic energy in the temple (the number of people in the temple and their emotional manifestations) with the condition of the Descent of the Holy Fire. When the acoustic energy reaches a certain limit value, “blue and red flashes of flash” begin to appear, and “blue lights appear on the marble slab of the Sepulcher”. It is likely that in this process not only the level of acoustic energy is important, but also its spectral characteristic, in which certain frequencies should dominate.

From a physical point of view, this is evidence not only of the existence of an elevated level of geoelectricity in the ground under the temple, but also the release of geoelectricity through the architectural structures of the temple (walls, floor) and Kuvukliya into the air. The flows of electrons of geoelectricity, passing through the walls of the temple and, in particular, the marble lid that covers the holy Lodge, go into the atmosphere, where there is a glow from the interaction of electrons and atoms of the atmosphere. That is why the blue-blue color dominates in the emission of this light. A similar shade is present in fluorescent lamps, which changes its spectrum, passing through a glass flask, coated from the inside with a special composition. According to historical evidence, the source of light in eternally burning lamps has the same shade . If the level of acoustic energy in the temple is insufficient, then in this case the Descent of the Holy Fire will not occur. This is confirmed by three previously cited evidence, when there were restrictions on admission to the temple for Easter.

In the case when in 1578 the Patriarch, along with other priests, was forced to pray at the gates of the church on Easter Eve, there was actually a separation of acoustic energy between the interior of the church and the outer territory. In this case, an excessive concentration of geoelectricity occurred in one of the outer columns, near which the Patriarch prayed with other priests. Geoelectricity began to penetrate upward through the outer column. She could not stand the temperature expansion and burst. An electric discharge was perceived as a lightning strike.

From a physical point of view, the above arguments allow us to draw an analogy between the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and the famous megalithic complexes like the Pyramid of Cheops and Stonehenge. Confirmation of this is evidence that the first Descent of the Holy Fire was already noticed inside the church on Easter. On the spot where this happened, Kuvukliya was later built. From the above reasoning, the following conclusions should naturally follow:

1. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was built in a special place, which in everyday life is called a place of power. It is no accident that a pagan temple was built on this site before the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Obviously, the energy emanating from this place was in demand;
2. If the stated hypothesis is true, then the necessary acoustic effect inside the Church of the Holy Sepulcher can be reproduced with acoustic equipment;
3. If the stated hypothesis is true, then the Descent of the Holy Fire can be not only on Easter;
4. If the stated hypothesis is true, then a contradiction arises in the source of the Holy Fire. In fairness, for the sake of Earth and Heaven, they are in essence equal and integral parts of BEING. From this point of view, the source of the Holy Fire is that created by the CREATOR.

For greater certainty in this matter, it is necessary to impose the geology of this territory on this hypothesis. From fig. Figure 3 shows that the East African rift system in the form of a northern fault directly passes near the Dead Sea, from which it is only about 25 km to Jerusalem. This means that the city of Jerusalem and the temple of the Holy Sepulcher are actually located in the zone of tectonic activity, which, like the entire East African rift system, is characterized by seismic activity and increased heat flow.

Considering the nature of Homosapiensa, which has conquered the whole Earth, as well as the history of mankind, filled with blood and suffering, the very fact of the unity of people on Easter Eve around the WORLD and in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is a WONDERFUL holiday, the decoration of which is the Descent of the Holy Fire. If there is no unity of people in the temple of the Holy Sepulcher, then it is possible that those present in the temple will be less than usual. In this case, the Descent of the Holy Fire will be in question. Physics probably agrees with this.

Conclusion

Observations of nature convince us that the processes of creation and destruction are eternal, as the law of unity and struggle of opposites. But creation differs from destruction in that this process is much longer, probably because the energy density of the forces of creation per unit volume is always small (private opinion). Perhaps this is precisely why the creation process has alternative development paths. It’s like a motorist driving at a high speed to an intersection with numerous options for further driving. The high speed of the car cuts off the possibility of strong turns and allows you to move only in the direction of the initial movement. As a result, possible branches of evolution become inaccessible.

Therefore, the estimated flow of geoelectricity from the depths of the Earth remains without due attention. A person usually remembers the shock of household current, but the current from the electric battery may not notice. And only the majestic buildings of the past, which we call megalithic complexes, their engineering structure, make us think about the small, which, multiplied by the power of megaliths, becomes significant. This is the case when the form suggests the content, which at the initial stage can only be a hypothesis.

Obviously, the geology of the city of Jerusalem in Israel is thoroughly studied. The author of this article hopes that this knowledge will not conflict with this article. This article outlines the conditions for the Descent of the Holy Fire in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. The author of this article hopes that these conditions will be perceived with some skepticism, irony and curiosity, and perhaps even interest. It is clear that no one will allow a public experiment in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Maybe some people think that the author of this article is counting on this? Not at all! It seems that the CHURCH itself should be interested in this. She must know the TRUTH in order not to be helpless once!

There is hope that the material presented and specific examples regarding the influence of geoelectricity are convincing enough to raise doubts and the question arose about TRUTH, which knows how to pretend to be understood.

We often have to deal with various diseases that are associated with viral infections. We hear that viruses can be biological weapons, and hundreds of thousands of people die from them. Yes, the AIDS virus has caused a pandemic all over the planet, and the Ebola virus can kill entire villages in Africa. But … There are scientists who claim that viruses are one of the important factors of evolution. How could it happen that one of the enemies of mankind helped him become the head of nature? To begin with, how viruses live in human cells and what they need from us.

Viruses infect not only animals, but also plants, fungi, bacteria and even other viruses. It is believed that at some stage of evolution, these agents separated from the cellular forms and continued to evolve in parallel. What is the purpose of the virus in striking a cell? To begin with, no virus can propagate outside the host cell, it is a non-cellular life form that contains only DNA / RNA and some proteins that protect genetic information and are necessary for the first stages of cell infection. Once in the cell, the virus needs to multiply as efficiently as possible, using cell enzymes, which in most cases disrupts its work.

In addition, very often the viral particles that are formed in the cell can kill it during exit into the intercellular space. But it’s very unprofitable to kill your house. Because most viruses have their own host, such as the human herpes virus, which infects the human race for a long time. Such viruses have adapted to their hosts and do not cause them significant harm. Therefore, approximately 95% of the world’s population has the human herpes virus, but this does not threaten us with extinction.

Moreover, some scientists insist that if we got rid of our “ordinary” viruses, then, perhaps, new, more aggressive pathogens would take their place. This is the first factor in the joint evolution of viruses and cell forms (including humans), which is carried out approximately according to this scheme. A new virus affects, for example, a population of people, those members of a population that cannot cope with this virus die or become ill. And those who can at least somehow fight this disease continue to live and give birth to the same persistent children, that is, they transmit their genetic information. In turn, the virus can also mutate. That is, those strains that were aggressive and killed their owners do not have the ability to reproduce, and those that are less aggressive allow their owners to live and, as a result, successfully reproduce, like those that others.

That is why those viruses that we are not masters of, for example, animal viruses, are especially dangerous for us (cases of human infection with a plant or bacterial virus are not yet known). The same HIV “migrated” to us from monkeys that are resistant to it and do not suffer from any AIDS-related diseases. Scientists suggest that by 2300, HIV will not carry mortal danger for people as well as the human herpes virus. But if we talk about evolution, then this is not only the case.

Depending on the form in which the virus encodes the genetic information and the life cycle, they can reproduce in very different ways. One of the most interesting ways is the reproduction of retroviruses. These are RNA-containing viruses that, once inside a cell, synthesize DNA from this RNA, this DNA integrates into the host genome, and already from it, together with useful proteins, the cell synthesizes viral as well. A cell doesn’t know which DNA it is and which virus it is, since this DNA is in my genome, it’s worth doing what is written on it. And if such a virus is embedded in germ cells, then it will be very easily transmitted in a vertical way, that is, from parents to the child. And the child will pick up a couple more of these viruses and pass them on to his children, and so on.

Over time, the immune system will respond to some viruses and learn how to deal with them, and the viral DNA that is deactivated in the genome, but perhaps there are some sequences in the DNA that were not in the cell before, and they can greatly facilitate its life then the “smart” cell will not deactivate them. It is believed that 5-8% of the human genome contains retroviruses. Yes, perhaps this is a “time bomb,” as some scientists say, and once these retroviruses can come to life, but maybe this is the reason that we are what we are. Nature is not stupid; it will not do anything to its own detriment. So it’s worth fighting new epidemics, but don’t be too afraid of them, because there are two ways: either development or degradation, there is no other way.

The purpose of our work: to find out whether indicator plants can be used to determine soil acidity.

• The object of our study was the soil.

• The subject of the study is soil acidity.

In accordance with the foregoing, we decided on the objectives of the study:

• Study literature on:

a) what is the acidity of the soil;

b) methods of eliminating soil acidity;

c) what is a hydrogen indicator.

Determine the acidity of soils where indicator plants grow using universal indicator paper.

• Literature review

Soil acidity

Soil is a thin layer of earth that gives life to plants, formed by transforming the surface layers of the lithosphere, by the combined action of water, air and organisms. Soil consists of genetically related horizons that reflect the evolution of soil formation. In it, our “green companions” find support for the roots, nutrients, water, and their growth and development depend on its properties.

One of the important properties of the soil is acidity. It is due to the presence in the soil of organic and mineral acids, physiologically acid salts. Organic acids are formed in the process of decay of the remains of plants and animals in the absence of aeration (air access) of the soil. Such, for example, peatlands. Physiologically acid salts are understood as mineral fertilizers introduced into the soil, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, which increase the acidity of the soil as a result of systematic use, which is not accompanied by liming. Also, acids in the soil accumulate when precipitation, spring meltwater, calcium and magnesium are washed out of it. This process is characteristic of podzolic soils, therefore they have, as a rule, high acidity. An additional factor in increasing soil acidity is acid rain, containing sulfuric and partially nitric acid.

The acidity of the soil is directly related to the absorption by the plants of the nutrients necessary for their growth. Too acid and alkaline soils are unfavorable for most plants because they dissolve nutrients poorly. For example, on acidic soils, a significant part of the phosphorus fertilizers introduced goes into an insoluble, difficult to reach form for plants. Also, in acidic soils, the solubility of compounds of iron, manganese, aluminum, boron, copper, zinc; with an excess of these elements, plant productivity decreases. At the same time, high acidity lowers the availability of such an important trace element as molybdenum.

Bacteria are poorly developed in acidic soils. This means that the transition of humus to soluble mineral salts slows down. In addition, acidic soils do not dry well in spring, and then quickly dry out and become crusty. Strongly acidic and acidic soil is not tolerated by earthworms, the absence of which significantly reduces its fertility.

Chemical land reclamation.

Chemical reclamation is carried out to improve the quality of soils with high acidity or alkalinity. In the first case, liming is carried out, in the second, gypsum plating.

Liming acts on the soil in many ways: it improves the activity of nodule and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, increases the coagulating ability of soil colloids, and therefore increases the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers by 30-40%; improves soil structure, their water and air regime; contributes to the development of the root system of plants.

The main lime fertilizer is ground limestone CaCO3. Water-insoluble calcium carbonate under the influence of carbon dioxide (the product of the vital activity of microorganisms) and water turns into soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate, which is hydrolyzed by anion. The resulting hydroxide anion also neutralizes the excess of hydrogen cations in acidic soils.

Cultivated plants react differently to soil acidity and liming. Alfalfa, cabbage, clover, beets are very sensitive to soil acidity, they need a medium close to neutral (pH 6.2-7.2), so the soil must be liming. Wheat, barley, corn, peas, beans, vetch, turnip, rutabaga grow well with a slightly acid reaction (pH 5.1-6.0) and liming. Rye oats, timothy, buckwheat tolerate moderate acidity (pH 4.5-5.0) and respond positively to high doses of lime. Potatoes, flax, and sunflowers easily tolerate moderate acidity and require liming only on strongly and medium-acid soils. Lupine, tea bush are not very sensitive to soil acidity.

In addition to limestones, other carbonate minerals are used as lime fertilizers: calcareous tuff, dolomite, chalk.

Hydrogen indicator

The acidity of the soil denotes pH, and its degree is the corresponding figure.

PH is a hydrogen indicator, where the r-initial letter of the Danish word potenz is a mathematical degree; the letter H is the hydrogen symbol. This concept was introduced in 1909. Danish chemist S. Serensen to express the concentration of H + ions in solution. pH is the decimal logarithm of the concentration of H + ions taken with the opposite sign: pH = – Ig (H). Depending on the concentration of H + ions in the solution, the medium may be acidic, alkaline or neutral.

Distilled water is considered neutral. As a complex electrolyte, it slightly dissociates into H + and OH- ions, which are in equilibrium with the undissociation of Н2О molecules: Н2О – Н + + ОН-

It was established by experience that in 1 liter of water at room temperature (220 ° C) only 10–7 mol / L H2O undergoes dissociation and 10–7 mol / L H + ions and 10–7 mol / L OH– ions are formed. pH = – Ig (10-7) = 7

Thus, if pH = 7, = the medium is neutral;

pH <7, > acidic medium

pH>, < alkaline medium.

The pH of the solution can be determined using a universal indicator paper, which is a regular filter paper impregnated with a solution of a universal indicator. It is designed to determine the pH in the range from 1 to 10. Depending on the pH of the solution, the universal indicator paper takes on a different color, according to which the pH of the solution is determined using a standard color scale. Like an aqueous, soil solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral if pH> 7 is alkaline and at pH <7 is acidic.

Different plants react differently to the acidity of the soil in different ways: some require acidic soils for their development, such plants are called acidophiles; others need close neutral soils; still others prefer alkaline soils; they are basophils. Each type of plant can exist only in the range of soil acidity (pH) inherent to it. Therefore, some plants act as indicators of soil acidity.

The so-called eurytopic plants normally develop over a wide range of acidity in soil solutions (from 3.0 to 7.5 and from 5.0 to 9.5). Therefore, they cannot be used as indicators of soil acidity. These plants include: wild strawberries, creeping buttercups, Mazibela, bird buckwheat, field bindweed.

Experimental part.

“Determination of soil acidity using plants – indicators and universal indicator paper.”

Equipment and reagents: a tablespoon or a baby scoop, tweezers, a porcelain mortar and pestle, scales, weights, universal indicator paper, beakers (100 ml.), Sample 1 N KCL solution.

Working process:

Determination of soil acidity using a plant indicator.

. We determined the site where the plant is an indicator, and the acidity of the soil on it using table 2.

Determination of soil acidity using universal indicator paper

a) The selection of soil samples, their storage and preparation for analysis

. Took 5 – 6 tablespoons of soil in different places of this site.

Note: In the forest, on the lawn, soil samples are taken from a depth of 5 – 10 cm. In the field, in the garden, in the meadow, the upper 15 – 20 cm of soil are used for sampling.

. Put all the samples in a plastic bag.

. Be sure to fill in the label indicating the date and place of sampling, plant indicator, your name.

. They put the label in a plastic bag with selected soil and brought it to the storage room.

 Note: since the soil in the plastic bag is very wet until the writing on the label disappears, stick it on both sides with tape (or put it in a small plastic bag).

. No more than a day later, the contents of the bag were poured onto a sheet of thick paper or a sheet of plastic film, mixed thoroughly and dried in air for 2 to 3 days, avoiding direct sunlight.

Note: It is not recommended to dry the soil on paper with text or drawings, as well as on any surfaces covered with paint. The storage room should be dry, well ventilated, free from air fumes of acids and gases.

. After drying, all foreign impurities (leaves, roots, small stones, etc.) were removed from the soil mixture with tweezers.

. They ground the soil in a porcelain mortar with a pestle until the diameter of the lumps exceeds 1 – 2 mm.

The crushed soil was placed in the same plastic bag along with the label.

a) Preparation of salt extract from the soil.

. Weighed on the scales of 10 g. Air – dry soil and placed it in a beaker.

. 25 ml were added to the sample. 1 n KCI solution (soil: water ratio = 1: 2.5).

. Shaken the mixture and left for a day.

. The next day, the solution was mixed and analysis started.

Note: for the preparation of 1 N. KCI solution must be dissolved in water 74.56 potassium chloride and bring the volume in the volumetric flask to 1 liter. The solution should be prepared at least a day before the analysis.

C) Determination of pH of salt extract using universal indicator paper.

. In a glass with a small amount of hoods, a strip of universal indicator paper was lowered.

. The pH value was determined by its color (with an accuracy of 0.5 pH) using a standard color scale showing the color of the paper at various pH values. The experiment was carried out three times.

Presentation of work results.

Conclusions

In the course of practical work, the acidity of the soil was determined using an indicator plant and universal indicator paper. It can be seen from the results of the work that the pH of the salt extract is within the limits of soil acidity typical of the plant. Therefore, these indicator plants (black currant, raspberry, warty quinoa, compact sphagnum, poisonous ranunculus, coltsfoot) can be used to determine the acidity of the soil.

In the spring and winter, people lack vitamins and therefore the percentage of acute respiratory (cold) diseases rises sharply: from a common cold to severe forms of flu. People spend a lot of money on the treatment and prevention of these diseases. In our family, it is customary to eat more garlic and onions in the winter. My parents always told me that onions and garlic protect against flu and colds in winter and early spring. Since various microorganisms are the causative agents of colds, I decided to check whether onions and garlic (or rather the substances that they contain – phytoncides) can inhibit the development of these microorganisms, thereby preventing colds.

Research hypothesis: there is an opinion that if you use the medicinal properties of onions and garlic, you can avoid acute respiratory infections in the winter, because volatile inhibit the growth and development of pathogens.

Objective: to investigate the phytoncidal properties of onions, garlic on the development of microorganisms (molds).

Research Objectives:

1. To study the literature and resources of the Internet;
2. By experiment, to identify the effect of volatile on the development of molds;
3. Through experiment and observation, to identify how volatile onion and garlic affect the person’s resistance to colds.

Subject of research: the effect of volatile production on the development of molds.

Object of study: volatile onion, garlic, mustard.

Research Methods:

1. Analysis of literary sources;
2. Observation;
3. The experiment.

The study of the effect of volatile on the vital activity of microorganisms

1. Literature review

1.1. Phytoncides – a powerful weapon of plants

In 1928, a student at Moscow University, Boris Tokin, observed under an microscope an interesting picture: when he applied gruel from grated garlic to a glass slide and a drop of water in which infusoria floated nearby, these simple organisms died within a few minutes.

He conducted experiments with other plants and made sure that many of them, like garlic, can inhibit bacteria at a distance. Tokin explained this phenomenon by the fact that many plants emit special volatile antimicrobial substances in order to protect themselves.

Further experiments showed that volatile fractions – only the first line of chemical defense of the plant, and the second, more powerful – tissue juices. Thus, the mixing of tissue juice of onions, garlic or horseradish with a suspension of bacteria caused a quick, often instant death of the latter.

Biologically active substances formed by plants that kill or inhibit the growth and development of bacteria, fungi and protozoa, Boris Tokin called volatile (from the Greek. Phyton – plant and lat. Caedo – kill).

People have long noticed that some plants have antimicrobial properties. In ancient Rome, garlic was included in the obligatory diet of legionnaires, because, according to the Romans, in addition to healing properties, he had the ability to give soldiers strength and courage.

In Egypt, thousands of slaves were driven to build the pyramids, who were given onions and garlic daily so that they would not hurt. The ancient Greeks, as well as the Slavs in ancient and Middle Ages considered garlic an indispensable tool against the bites of poisonous snakes.

More than 800 years ago, Nizami Ganjavi wrote about the use of garlic as a remedy for gastrointestinal diseases and diseases of the oral cavity, and onions for inflammation of the tonsils. He also recommended eating boiled onions for ulcerative processes. Li Shenzhen, who lived in the 16th century, described the healing effects of garlic, onions, and other plants.

Phytoncides of some plants kill microbes (i.e., have bactericidal properties), while others only inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms (i.e., have a bacteriostatic effect). Almost all plants exhibit antimicrobial activity, the differences will only be in the degree of its severity. It is more difficult for microbes to adapt to the action of volatile plants of higher plants than to antibiotics obtained from microscopic fungi. This is an important fact, indicating the promise of using volatile preparations for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Volatile phytoncides cause various changes in the bacterial cell: suppress respiration, dissolve and destroy the surface layers and components of protoplasm. The action of a number of volatile production due to their ability to oxidize. As a result of the vital activity of plants in the environment, the amount of ozone increases, which easily decomposes into molecular and atmospheric oxygen. The latter, combining with water, forms hydrogen peroxide, which has antiseptic properties.

Phytoncides can be volatile, released into the atmosphere, they act at a distance, and can be contained in the protoplasm of cells (“tissue juices”) and act only in direct contact with the pathogen. Volatile phytoncides have a powerful effect on the air condition in forests. 1 g of pine forest per day releases about 5 kg of volatile phytoncides into the atmosphere, about 30 kg of juniper forest. In the coniferous forest (especially in the young pine forest), regardless of the geographical latitude and proximity of settlements, the air contains only about 200-300 bacterial cells per 1 m3, i.e. it is practically sterile.

The power and spectrum of the antimicrobial action of phytoncides in different plant species vary significantly. The “lethal force” of volatile garlic, onion and horseradish is widely known. They destroy many species of protozoa, bacteria, and lower fungi in just a few seconds. And volatile, secreted by a branch of bird cherry, within a few minutes kill microbes in a nearby glass. The most universal are phytoncides of conifers – pine, cypress, cedar, fir, etc.

Phytoncides are successfully used for the treatment and prevention of many diseases (phytoncidotherapy).

Plant phytoncide treatment is effective for influenza, tonsillitis and other respiratory diseases, gum and tooth diseases, pustular skin lesions, and a number of diseases of the digestive system.

In colds, inhalation of steamed sage, potato peel or oat husk has a beneficial effect.

Volatile, enhance the immunological reactions of the body, enhance the regenerative processes in the tissues. So, at one time, scientists have shown that the inhalation of volatile substances of fir

stimulates some forms of natural immunity. St. John’s wort also stimulate the body’s defenses

garlic, onions, immortelle sandy and many other plants.

In special experiments, the bactericidal efficacy of onions, garlic, eucalyptus, fir, pine and many other plants was convincingly shown. Phytoncides of onions and garlic kill almost all types of pathogenic microbes. No antibiotic can compare with them in the breadth of its impact. Inhalation of freshly prepared gruel from onions or garlic (after 10-15 minutes it loses its properties) are used to treat diseases of the upper respiratory tract, acute and chronic pneumonia. It can be applied to hard-to-heal ulcers and wounds, while onion and garlic volatile products help cleanse tissues and quickly heal them. Horseradish volatile also has pronounced bactericidal effectiveness. However, it should be noted that with the internal use of these vegetables their phytoncidal activity is largely lost.

The air in the coniferous forest (especially in the juniper forest) is practically sterile, it is especially useful for patients with tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases. For those suffering from hypertension, staying in an oak grove will be very beneficial. This is largely due to the fact that volatile oak phytoncides have a hypotensive effect. This allows you to improve the condition of patients, their sleep and, in general, increase the effectiveness of treatment.

For people with low blood pressure, it will be useful to inhale the volatile poplar pyramidal and lilac. Volatile substances of oregano, lemon balm and needles have a calming effect, inhaling them helps relieve stress and is very useful in the treatment of mental illness. It is known that among residents of the mountains, nervous system strains are much less frequently observed. This fact, apparently, is associated with the calming beneficial effect of volatile phytoncides, whose inhalation prevents overstrain of the nervous system, as a result, it wears out less, and this contributes to a long degree of longevity, since metabolic processes, the state of immunity, and all other body functions.

Peppermint phytoncides also have their own characteristics – they have a vasodilating effect and, as a result, help relieve headaches caused by the spastic state of the vessels.

In the study of other food plants, it turned out that many of them also have pronounced antimicrobial properties. So, under the influence of non-volatile phytoncides contained in the fresh juice of strawberries, blueberries, grapes, currants, plums, apples, parsley, cabbage and other berries, fruits and vegetables, pathogens for humans and protozoa quickly die. The antimicrobial effect of spices (cinnamon, pepper, cloves, hops, coriander, etc.) is quite pronounced. In connection with this, they are widely used in the preservation of products.

A good wound healing effect is exerted by some natural balms (fir, peruvian, etc.) containing essential oils, resins and aromatic compounds. They have analgesic, deodorizing (destroy bad smell), antimicrobial and wound healing effects. Juniper, sea buckthorn, fir and hypericum oil, as well as rosehip oil, have a good effect on the healing of wounds and ulcers. Eucalyptus broth, calendula tincture, volatile onion and garlic also accelerate the healing time of open lesions.

Thus, phytoncides are obviously effective biological antiseptics.

1.2. Garlic Phytoncides

In Chinese medicine, garlic was attributed a tonic effect on diseases of the digestive system, respiration, exhaustion, rheumatism, and skin diseases. In one of the popular medical books published in Russia in 1848, it is noted: “Garlic is revered as a universal preservative medicine for poison, snake bites, sticky and infectious diseases, and most of all for the plague.” British doctors, during the plague epidemic in London at the end of the 17th century, promoted garlic as a means of preventing plague.

Many peoples believed that onions and garlic heal diseases protected by demons and protect them from them. In Eastern Europe, garlic was considered a reliable means to repel vampires. To do this, they rubbed door handles and window frames, and under the ceiling hung whole garlands of garlic bulbs. For residents of Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, garlic was a kind of talisman, they tried to keep it with you at critical moments in life.

In the 19th century, the “magical” effect of garlic was explained by the French microbiologist Louis Pasteur. After a series of experiments, the scientist discovered the antiseptic properties of garlic juice. Later garlic volatile was investigated, but their chemical composition could not be established. It is known that allicin, a substance responsible for its specific smell, makes a huge contribution to the antibacterial activity of garlic. Allicin is able to inhibit the growth and development of bacteria, being diluted even thousands of times. Garlic volatile products kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, as well as various fungi. Under the influence of garlic volatile, cholera vibrio, diphtheria and dysentery sticks, tuberculosis mycobacteria, pathogens of the abdominal type, gas gangrene and other microorganisms die within a few minutes.

In medicine, phytoncide preparations from garlic bulbs are used – tincture of garlic and alcohol extract, which enhance the motor and secretory functions of the digestive tract. They are prescribed orally for intestinal atony and colitis to suppress the processes of decay and fermentation in the intestine, as well as for hypertension and atherosclerosis.

1.3 Onion Phytoncides

Ancient doctors recommended the use of onions for infections, digestive disorders, leprosy, as well as for the treatment of wounds. According to the testimony of the Greek historian Herodotus, the Egyptians bought onions and garlic in large quantities and fed the slaves who built the pyramids. During the Crusades, the Saracens returned French captives in exchange for an ordinary onion – 8 bulbs per warrior. Ancient healers believed that there was not a single disease in which the bow would not benefit the patient.

The healing properties of onions are due to the unique combination of substances contained in it. Among them, it is worth noting the onion essential oil with a characteristic pungent odor, organic acids (citric and malic); a number of vitamins and minerals, including calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, iodine, sulfur, selenium. However, the high efficiency of onions in a variety of diseases is due primarily to the presence of volatile products in it. They have a detrimental effect on many pathogenic bacteria, including pathogens of dysentery, diphtheria and tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and Trichomonas.

Practical research

In the practical part of the work, we examined the most commonly used volatile plants in everyday life, onions and garlic. We conducted an experiment confirming the property of phytoncides to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, for example, mold fungi.

2.1. Effect of onion and garlic volatile on the development of molds

I decided to grow mold on bread, because Before, she very often noticed that if a piece of bread was left in a plastic bag for about a week, then mold appeared there. For the experiment, I took 3 pieces of black bread and dripped a few drops of water from above (water is an important condition for the life of any organism, including microorganisms). The first piece was rubbed with onion, the second – with garlic, the third – left as a control sample. Then she placed the pieces of bread in a plastic bag and put them in a warm place.

After 7 days, I saw that on the control sample there were already quite large areas with mold, on all other pieces of mold there was practically.

After 14 days: there was much more mold on the control sample; in pieces with onions and garlic, mold appeared in a larger area. Moreover, the mold was a little more onion.

After 21 days, the control sample was already fully blooming. A piece of bread with onions was more moldy than with garlic.

Conclusion: volatile onion, garlic slow the appearance of mold spores. Moreover, garlic have great phytoncide properties.

Conclusion: volatile onion, garlic slow the appearance of mold spores. Moreover, garlic have great phytoncide properties.

2.2. The effect of volatile onion and garlic on increasing the body’s resistance to colds

The study involved students 3A and 4A of elementary school, who study in the same office and students 5A 5B, 6A and 6B classes, which have a cabinet system of education. The study was conducted for two weeks from January 13 to 28 of this year, when an outbreak of acute respiratory diseases was observed. In grades 5A and 5B, students wore “cans” on a thread made from Kinder surprise, and put pieces of garlic in it. In classes 3A and 4A, plates with onion and garlic slices were on the windowsills. Students in Grades 6A and 6B did not wear talismans, and in the cabinets for prevention, they did not use onions in slices.

Research data showed that children who wore “cans” and students in classes where they laid onions were significantly less affected by viral diseases. Therefore, onions and garlic, having phytoncide properties, increase the body’s resistance to disease.

Conclusion

Carrying out our research, we studied the phytoncide properties of plants, found that onions and garlic are potent phytoncides and are successfully used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Phytoncides of onions and garlic have an effect on increasing the resistance of the human body to acute respiratory diseases. The juice of garlic and onion can be inhaled to prevent colds, especially in the autumn. Phytoncides are potent antibiotics (especially the juice of garlic, onion, radish, horseradish, etc.) and are successfully used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. In order to be healthy and protect yourself from colds, we recommend eating these plants more for treating influenza and acute respiratory infections.